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An assessment of surrogate fuel using Bayesian multiple kernel learning model in sight of sooting tendency

《能源前沿（英文）》 2022年第16卷第2期页码 277-291 doi: 10.1007/s11708-021-0731-6

摘要： An integrated and systematic database of sooting tendency with more than 190 kinds of fuels was obtained through a series of experimental investigations. The laser-induced incandescence (LII) method was used to acquire the 2D distribution of soot volume fraction, and an apparatus-independent yield sooting index (YSI) was experimentally obtained. Based on the database, a novel predicting model of YSI values for surrogate fuels was proposed with the application of a machine learning method, named the Bayesian multiple kernel learning (BMKL) model. A high correlation coefficient (0.986) between measured YSIs and predicted values with the BMKL model was obtained, indicating that the BMKL model had a reliable and accurate predictive capacity for YSI values of surrogate fuels. The BMKL model provides an accurate and low-cost approach to assess surrogate performances of diesel, jet fuel, and biodiesel in terms of sooting tendency. Particularly, this model is one of the first attempts to predict the sooting tendencies of surrogate fuels that concurrently contain hydrocarbon and oxygenated components and shows a satisfying matching level. During surrogate formulation, the BMKL model can be used to shrink the surrogate candidate list in terms of sooting tendency and ensure the optimal surrogate has a satisfying matching level of soot behaviors. Due to the high accuracy and resolution of YSI prediction, the BMKL model is also capable of providing distinguishing information of sooting tendency for surrogate design.

关键词： sooting tendency yield sooting index Bayesian multiple kernel learning surrogate assessment surrogate formulation

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Soot size distribution in lightly sooting premixed flames of benzene and toluene

Wang LIU, Jiaqi ZHAI, Baiyang LIN, He LIN, Dong HAN

《能源前沿（英文）》 2020年第14卷第1期页码 18-26 doi: 10.1007/s11708-020-0663-6

摘要： The evolution of particle size distribution function (PSDF) of soot in premixed flames of benzene and toluene was studied on a burner stabilized stagnation (BSS) flame platform. The cold gas velocities were changed to hold the maximum flame temperatures of different flames approximately constant. The PSDFs of all the test flames exhibited a bimodal distribution, i.e., a small-size nucleation mode and a large-size accumulation mode. It was observed that soot nucleation and particle growth in the benzene flame were stronger than those in the toluene flame at short residence times. At longer residence times, the PSDFs of the two flames were similar, and the toluene flame showed a larger particle size distribution range and a higher particle volume fraction than the benzene flame.

关键词： premixed flame soot particle size distribution function benzene toluene

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Monocyte subsets and their differentiation tendency after burn injury

null

《医学前沿（英文）》 2013年第7卷第4期页码 397-400 doi: 10.1007/s11684-013-0298-7

摘要：

Monocytes are critical effectors and regulators of immune response. Studying the nomenclature of monocyte subsets may be beneficial for understanding the complex function of monocytes in steady and inflammatory states. A monocyte has the potential to differentiate into dendritic cells or macrophages, and this behavior significantly changes in severely burned patients and mice. The findings in the present study may help enhance understanding on the perturbation of the immune system after severe burn injury.

关键词： monocyte differentiation burn

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Aerodynamic stability evolution tendency of suspension bridges with spans from 1000 to 5000 m

《结构与土木工程前沿（英文）》 doi: 10.1007/s11709-023-0980-z

摘要： Aerodynamic instability owing to aerostatic and flutter-related failures is a significant concern in the wind-resistant design of long-span suspension bridges. Based on the dynamic characteristics of suspension bridges with spans ranging from 888 to 1991 m, we proposed fitted equations for increasing spans and base frequencies. Finite element models of suspension bridges with increasing span from 1000 to 5000 m were constructed. The structural parameters were optimized to follow the fitted tendencies. To analyze the aerodynamic instability, streamlined single-box section (SBS), lattice truss section (LTS), narrow slotted section (NSS), and wide slotted section (WSS) were considered. We performed three-dimensional (3-D) full-mode flutter analysis and nonlinear aerostatic instability analysis. The flutter critical wind speed continuously decreases with span growth, showing an unlimited approaching phenomenon. Regarding aerostatic instability, the instability wind speed decreases with span to approximately 3000 m, and increases when the span is in the range of 3000 to 5000 m. Minimum aerostatic instability wind speed with SBS or LTS girder would be lower than observed maximal gust wind speed, indicating the probability of aerostatic instability. This study proposes that suspension bridge with span approximately 3000 m should be focused on both aerostatic instability and flutter, and more aerodynamic configuration optimistic optimizations for flutter are essential for super long-span suspension bridges with spans longer than 3000 m.

关键词： suspension bridge super long-span finite element model aerodynamic instability aerodynamic configuration

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Phenolic rigid organic filler/isotactic polypropylene composites. I. Preparation

QI Dongming, YANG Lei, WU Minghua, LIN Heming, NITTA Kohhei

《化学科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2008年第2卷第3期页码 236-241 doi: 10.1007/s11705-008-0034-z

摘要： A novel phenolic rigid organic filler (KT) was melt-mixed with an isotactic polypropylene (iPP) to prepare a series of PP/KT composites, with or without maleic anhydride grafted polypropylene (MAPP) as compatilizer. The evolution of filler morphology during melt-mixing and melt-pressure processes was monitored by scanning electron microscope (SEM) and polarized optical microscope (POM). The influences of shear force, pressure time, filler content and MAPP concentration on the final filler dispersion were studied. We found that this rigid organic filler readily melted and dispersed homogenously into the iPP matrix through a fission-fusion process during the melt-mixing process. Thus a balanced dispersion, which was closely related to shear force and MAPP concentration, can be achieved. During the melt-pressure process, parts of the filler particles combined gradually through a coalescence process. However, the incorporation of MAPP can effectively inhibit the tendency to coalesce and refine the filler particles sizes into nanoscale. Thus, a series of PP/KT composites with controllable filler particles size and narrow size distribution can be obtained just by adjusting process conditions and MAPP concentration. In addition, due to the in-situ formation mechanism, the filler phase possessed a typical solid true-spherical shape.

关键词： morphology concentration tendency controllable addition

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Review on the progress of ultra-precision machining technologies

Julong YUAN, Binghai LYU, Wei HANG, Qianfa DENG

《机械工程前沿（英文）》 2017年第12卷第2期页码 158-180 doi: 10.1007/s11465-017-0455-9

摘要：

Ultra-precision machining technologies are the essential methods, to obtain the highest form accuracy and surface quality. As more research findings are published, such technologies now involve complicated systems engineering and been widely used in the production of components in various aerospace, national defense, optics, mechanics, electronics, and other high-tech applications. The conception, applications and history of ultra-precision machining are introduced in this article, and the developments of ultra-precision machining technologies, especially ultra-precision grinding, ultra-precision cutting and polishing are also reviewed. The current state and problems of this field in China are analyzed. Finally, the development trends of this field and the coping strategies employed in China to keep up with the trends are discussed.

关键词： ultra-precision grinding ultra-precision cutting ultra-precision polishing research status in China development tendency

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21世纪地雷战装备

李钊

《中国工程科学》 2000年第2卷第12期页码 1-8

摘要：

地雷战是一种古老、传统的作战方法，在历次战争中发挥了巨大的作用。现代高新技术的应用给地雷战器材的发展注人了新的活力，使地雷战装备的运用发生革命性的变革。文章介绍了地雷战在军事领域的作用，论述了21世纪地雷、布雷装备和探雷、扫雷装备的发展趋势，对国际上广泛关注的对杀伤人员地雷的“限雷”、“禁雷”问题的由来，我国的基本立场及研制替代武器等问题作了阐述。

关键词：地雷战发展趋势杀伤人员地雷替代武器

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影响工程师伦理取向的因素分析

龙翔

《中国工程科学》 2009年第11卷第2期页码 92-96

摘要：

提出了工程师个人价值观、社会文化、技术效率和自然环境状况是制约和影响工程师伦理取向４个关键因素的观点，并探讨、分析了这４个因素是如何对工程师的伦理选择和道德取向产生影响和作用的。

关键词：工程师伦理取向个人价值观社会文化技术效率自然环境

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Synthesis of ordered cerium-doped cubic mesoporous silica using long-chain ionic liquid as template

YUE Hongxia, ZHAO Hongmei, LIU Longjiang, WANG Siping, Ruan Qiong, WANG Tongwen

《化学科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2008年第2卷第2期页码 135-139 doi: 10.1007/s11705-008-0031-2

摘要： The long-chain ionic liquid 1-hexadecyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride (CmimCl) was used as a template to prepare cerium-doped MCM-48 materials in basic medium by a hydrothermal synthesis procedure. The effect of the amount of Ce salt and CmimCl/Si on the synthesis were discussed in detail. This mesoporous material exhibits a pore architecture which is cubic 3 gyroid and possesses a large surface area and a narrow pore distribution. Cerium in calcined porous framework exists in the form of well-dispersed tetrahedral coordination. The CmimCl shows a high tendency toward self-aggregation that allows the formation of the cerium-doped gyroid mesostructure by using the appropriate amount of Ce salt.

关键词： mesoporous CmimCl/Si tendency mesostructure synthesis procedure

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激光显示技术发展的现状和趋势

高伟男,许祖彦,毕勇,袁园

《中国工程科学》 2020年第22卷第3期页码 85-91 doi: 10.15302/J-SSCAE-2020.03.013

摘要：

随着信息技术的不断发展，信息化时代已经来临，显示作为人机信息交互环节最重要的信息输出终端，已经遍及人们生活的各个方面。当今时代显示技术层出不穷，都以实现超高分辨率、大尺寸、真色彩的极致画面显示，满足人们追求极致美好视觉的需求为发展方向，目标就是实现高保真图像再现。激光显示是采用三基色激光作为显示光源的新型显示技术，可以实现双高清（几何/ 颜色）、大色域、高观赏舒适度的“冲击人眼视觉极限”高保真图像再现，被视为显示产业转型升级的重要方向之一。本文立足新形势下显示产业自主可控安全发展的需求，详细论述了激光显示技术和产业特点，梳理和总结了本领域发展现状、趋势和短板问题，凝练出激光显示产业发展路线图，建议我国应抓住这一大好机遇，加大关键核心技术攻关，自主可控加速将激光显示产业发展壮大，支撑下一代显示产业的高端市场，并开拓出激光显示规模产业集群。

关键词：激光显示，双高清，大色域，高观赏舒适度

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全球致密气勘探开发进展及中国发展趋势预测

杨涛,张国生,梁坤,郑民,郭彬程

《中国工程科学》 2012年第14卷第6期页码 64-68

摘要：

致密气已成为全球非常规天然气勘探开发的重要领域之一，特别是美国致密气大规模开发利用，推动了许多国家进行致密气勘探开发的进程。从全球致密气勘探开发进展情况入手，对我国致密气的勘探开发历程、主要致密气田勘探开发成效、发展趋势及对策建议进行了系统研究。研究表明，我国致密气大致经历了三大发展阶段，目前已进入快速发展阶段。近年来在鄂尔多斯盆地上古生界、四川盆地须家河组、塔里木盆地库车深层发现了一批大型致密气田，致密气储量、产量均呈现出快速增长趋势，2011年致密气产量占我国天然气总产量的1/4左右，预计2020年致密气产量比例将进一步提升到1/3左右，成为支撑我国天然气工业快速、健康、稳定发展的生力军。

关键词：致密气勘探开发发展趋势产量预测

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“制造强国”评价指标历史发展趋势及特征分析

王迪,赵蔷,古依莎娜,刘丹

《中国工程科学》 2015年第17卷第7期页码 108-107

摘要：

本文主要对“制造强国”评价指标体系中的18个二级指标的历史发展趋势做了详细分析，总结了各国在工业化初期、中期、后期及后工业化时期的变动特点，同时也对指标特征进行了汇总，包括指标的上下限、独立性、关联性等，并对主要特点进行了归纳。

关键词：制造业制造大国制造强国评价指标发展趋势

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一种新型葡激酶分子的设计基因构建表达纯化及性质研究

宋钢,于敏,莫炜,宋后燕

《中国工程科学》 2000年第2卷第11期页码 68-72

摘要：

在葡激酶构效关系的研究过程中发现，葡激酶易形成二聚体，甚至多聚体，不利于葡激酶的临床应用。为了探究聚合体的形成机制以研制不易聚合的新型葡激酶分子，在葡激酶X射线晶体衍射结构模型的基础上，采用分子对接软件GRAMM V1.03，以高分辨率整体对接方式预测了葡激酶二聚体可能的结合区。结合区主要有两种可能的形成方式，通过强疏水相互作用及氢键结合。根据模型设计了旨在降低聚合能力的葡激酶突变体RGD-Sak,将Fill置换为D111，并且改变K109为R109，恰好使分子中形成RGD结构，使新型分子还可能具有抑制血小板聚集作用。利用定点突变及DNA重组技术，构建了RGD-Sak基因，并利用大肠杆菌原核表达系统进行了高效表达。RGD-Sak以包涵体形式存在，包涵体经洗涤，8 mol/L尿素溶解，稀释复性，离子交换色谱一步分离得到电泳纯的RGD-Sak,纯度达95%以上，分子量与理论值相符，比活性5×10⁴HU/mg。RGD-Sak与纤溶酶形成的复合物催化纤溶酶原的Km、Kcat值分别为12.40 μmol/L、0.81 s^-1。RGD-Sak显示了很弱的聚合能力。此研究为研制防止二聚体形成的新型葡激酶分子打下了基础。

关键词：葡激酶二聚体分子对接分子设计定点突变

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Studies on exposure status of inhabitants to water-arsenic valence states in areas with endemic arsenism in the Datong basin in Shanxi

LI Jun, CHENG Xiaotian, WANG Zhenghui, WEN Xinping, HAN Lingling, SANG Zhiping, ZHANG Jie, DUAN Hushun, LIANG Binfeng, GAO Jianguo

《医学前沿（英文）》 2007年第1卷第2期页码 219-222 doi: 10.1007/s11684-007-0042-2

摘要： This study aimed to describe the distribution of water-arsenic (As) valence states and its relationship to areas with endemic arsenism in the Datong basin. Drinking water samples of patients with endemic arsenism and a control group were examined using hydride generation atomic fluorescence spectrometry (HG-AFS). We analyzed the data using SPSS10.0 for Windows. The As(III)/As ratio was 52.1% in the water sample, exceeding the national standard of 0.05 mg/L. The As(III)/As ratio significantly varied among the different stages in the disease-state groups, and with the control group ( = 22.4, P<0.01). The As(III)/As(V) ratio significantly varied in the four groups ( = 26.19, P<0.01), with a tendency to increase along with the seriousness of the disease state. The most common type of drinking water arsenic valence state was As(III) in the endemic disease-areas. Endemic arsenism was positively correlated with As(III). This led us to conclude that the fraction of each water-arsenic valence state should be studied when determining the arsenic content of drinking water.

关键词： control fluorescence spectrometry endemic arsenism tendency different